Petrified wood means "rock" or "stone"; literally "wood turned into stone") is the name given to a special type of fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. It is the result of a tree or tree-like plants having completely transitioned to stone by the process of permineralization. All the organic materials have been replaced with minerals (mostly a silicate, such as quartz), while retaining the original structure of the stem tissue. Unlike other types of fossils which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three-dimensional representation of the original organic material. The petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried under sediment and is initially preserved due to a lack of oxygen which inhibits aerobic decomposition. Mineral-laden water flowing through the sediment deposits minerals in the plant's cells; as the plant's lignin and cellulose decay, a stone mould forms in its place. In general, stem tissue takes less than 100 years to petrify. The organic matter needs to become petrified before it decomposes completely.Elements would add to the color of the rock. Cache is at 36 40.oxide oxide carbon 107 59.carbon cobalt iron carbon - black cobalt - green chromium -blue copper - green/blue iron oxides -brown manganese - orange oxide -yellow silica-clear